Fluoride is a recognised anti-cavity agent, but its use raises several concerns:
Risk of fluorosis: Excessive ingestion of fluoride can cause permanent white stains on teeth, particularly in children (Source: Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite vs. Fluoride for Enamel Repair in Deciduous Teeth, Bossù et al., 2019).
Potential toxicity: In high doses, fluoride can be harmful to neurological development and has been associated with certain adverse health effects (Source: Hydroxyapatite in Oral Care Products-A Review, Chen et al., 2021).
Equivalent efficacy to hydroxyapatite: Several studies show that hydroxyapatite is just as effective as fluoride at remineralising teeth and preventing cavity formation (Source: Hydroxyapatite vs. Fluoride Toothpaste for Cavity Prevention, Amaechi et al., 2019).